Danzhi Xiaoyaosan-containing Serum Reverses Energy Metabolic Reprogramming of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Danzhi Xiaoyaosan-containing serum on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells， and to find out whether the action mechanism is related to its intervention in energy metabolism. MethodThirty six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group， Danzhi Xiaoyaosan （8.99 g·kg-1） group， and Xihuangwan （0.55 g·kg-1） group. The serum was isolated after drug intervention for seven days. The cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl-tetrazolium （MTT） assay， the cell cycle by flow cytometry， and the apoptosis by Annenxin V/propidium iodide （PI） double staining. Following the determination of intracellular glucose content using the glucose testing kit， the expression of glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1） was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Seahorse XFe cell energy metabolism analyzer was used to detect the extracellular acidification rate （ECAR） and oxygen consumption rate （OCR）. The expression levels of hexokinase 2 （HK2）， pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2）， and lactate dehydrogenase A （LDHA） were assayed by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， Danzhi Xiaoyaosan-containing serum inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells， with the best effect observed after intervention with 15% Danzhi Xiaoyaosan-containing serum for 48 h （P<0.01）， blocked the MDA-MB-231 cells in G0/G1 phase（P<0.01）， and down-regulated the GLUT1 expression， basal glycolysis， glycolysis capacity， glycolytic reserve， basal respiration， adenosine triphosphate （ATP） production， spare respiratory capacity（P<0.01）， as well as the protein expression of HK2， PKM2， and LDHA in MDA-MB-231 cells（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionDanzhi Xiaoyaosan-containing serum inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation， promotes apoptosis， and induces cell cycle arrest， which may be related to its reversal of energy metabolic reprogramming in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Perioperative airway management based on enhanced recovery after surgery for improvement of preoperative pulmonary function in patients with aspirin intolerance triad / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative airway management based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the improvement of preoperative pulmonary function in patients with aspirin intolerance triad (AIT). Methods: Thirty patients with AIT (including 13 males and 17 females, aged from 29 to 75 years old) for sinus surgery from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, 172 patients (including 105 males and 67 females, aged from 17 to 83 years old) with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without lower airway disease were selected by random number table at the same period, and their clinical data and preoperative pulmonary function were analyzed and compared retrospectively. FEV1%pred<80% after bronchodilation test was considered as high risk for surgery. Preoperative evaluation and standardized drug intervention were applied in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities at risk for surgery, and improvement of preoperative pulmonary function and tolerability to general anesthesia surgery in the two groups were evaluated. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Results: The main pulmonary function indexes (FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred, MMEF%pred) in AIT group decreased significantly than those in CRSwNP group (t values were 10.882, 10.506, 9.141, 10.182, 9.099, respectively, all P<0.001). At admission 86.7% (26/30) patients in the AIT group and 11.6% (20/172) patients in CRSwNP group had high surgical risk for lung function, with significantly difference (χ2 = 81.788, P<0.05); after 3 days with individualized drug intervention, 57.7% (15/26) patients in AIT group reached the standard for surgery, which was significantly less than 90.0% (18/20) patients in CRSwNP group (χ²=4.335,P<0.05); and after 6 days with drug intervention, the patients who reached the standard for surgery in pulmonary function accounted for 92.3% (24/26) in the AIT group and 100% (20/20) in the CRSwNP group. FEV1%pred in the two groups before surgery were significantly improved compared with those at admission respectively ((90.00±6.32)% vs. (64.79±13.60)%,t value was 10.110 in AIT group; (91.65±11.86)% vs. (76.40±9.35)%, t value was 9.346 in CRSwNP group; all P<0.05), and also FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred and MMEF%pred were all significantly improved (all P<0.05). Surgery was completed successfully in the two groups of patients with lung function meeting the surgical standard, and no intraoperative or postoperative airway adverse events occurred. Conclusion: AIT patients have high airway risk for sinus surgery due to poor pulmonary function. Standardized airway management based on the concept of ERAS can improve the pulmonary function of patients, and decrease the incidence of perioperative airway adverse events.

Effects of Different Routes in PMSC Transfusion on the Levels of Hematopoietic Regulatory Factors in Aplastic Anemia Rats / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of different routes in placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC) on serum expression levels of IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ in aplastic anemia (AA) rats.@*METHODS@#The rat model of aplastic anemia (AA rats) was established by 5-fluorouracil combined with busulfan. The rats was divided into four groups: control, experimental, PMSC-injected into the tail vein, and PMSC-injected into the medullary cavity. The general state of rats in each group was observed in detail before and after treatment. The serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) , interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at week 1, 3 and 5 after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the level of IL-4 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 gradually decreased after treatment while the level of IL-4 increased. By the fifth week, the above indexes were closed to the control group (P＞0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the group with PMSCs injected via the medullary cavity decrease more significantly than those group with PMSC injected via the tail vein, but level of IL-4 was not significantly different between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of serum hematopoietic negative regulators increase significantly, and the level of hematopoietic promoting factors decreases significantly in aplastic anemia rats. PMSC can down-regulate the level of hematopoietic negative regulators and up-regulate the level of hematopoietic promoting factors in the rats with aplastic anemia, and the inhibition of hematopoietic negative regulators by intramedullary injection is more significant than that by caudal vein injection.

Analysis and Prevention of Gene Mutation Types of Severe Thala- ssemia in Hakka People in Gannan of Jiangxi Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the types and proportion of gene mutations of thalassemia in Hakka people in Gannan Area of Jiangxi, and to provide some references for prevention and treatment of thalassemia major, genetic counseling and epidemiological studies.@*METHODS@#81 cases Hakka patients with severe thalassemia admitted treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College from January 2009 to June 2019 were enrolled. The deletion type of α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR. The point mutations of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia were detected by PCR-RDB. The thalassemia gene was detected and analyzed in the patients with anemia, and the frequency of gene mutation was calculated.@*RESULTS@#Among 81 Hakka patients with thalassemia major, 4 β-thalassemia (homozygote) genotypes were detected out, including: CD41-42（TTCT）(19 cases), β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) (9 cases), -28M (A→G) (1 case), CD17 (A→T) (1 case); 12 β-thalassemithalassemia (heterozygote) genotypes were detected out, including: CD41-42(-TTCT)/β-IVS-II-654(C→T) (15 cases, 29.41%), β-IVS-II-654(C→T)/β-28M(A→G) (13 cases，25.49%) ； CD41-42(-TTCT)/β-28M(A→G) (9 cases，17.65%); β-IVS-II-654(C→T) /CD27/28(+C) (3 cases， 5.88%) ； CD41-42(-TTCT)/CD27/28(+C)(3 case，5.88%)；β-28M(A→G)/CD17(A→T) (2 cases，3.92%)；CD41-42(-TTCT)/CD17(A→T), CD41-42(-TTCT)/Βe, β-IVS-II-654(C→T)/β-29、βCD17（A→T）/CD71-72(+a), βCD71-72/β-28M(A→G), β-28M(A→G) /β-IVS-II-654(C→T)(1 cases，1.96%). There were 3 cases of β homozygous thalassemia with α-thalassemia gene and 5 cases of β heterozygotes thalassemia with α-thalassemia gene.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence rate of thalassemia in Hakka people in Gannan Area of Jiangxi is relatively high. The distribution of gene mutation types is as follows: the genotype of CD41-42 (-TTCT) is the main genotype of β-thalassemia (homozygous); the major genotypes of β- thalassemia (heterozygotes) are CD41-42 (-TTCT)/β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) and β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) /β-28M (A→G); CD41-42 (-TTCT) gene is dominant in β-complex α-thalassemia.

Newly detected atrial fibrillation is associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Both cortical and cortical-subcortical (cortex-involved) lesions are typically associated with embolic stroke, of which atrial fibrillation (AF) is the common cause. The aim of this study was to find out the associations between cortex-involved stroke, vascular risk factors, and the subtypes (discovery time and duration) of AF.@*Methods@#This was an imaging study of the China Atrial Fibrillation Screening in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (CRIST) trial. Between October 2013 and June 2015, 1511 acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter cohort, cross-sectional study. The final analysis of this sub-study included 243 patients with AF with required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. AF was diagnosed by 6-day Holter monitoring and classified by duration of 24 h. Two stroke specialists blinded to the clinical information reviewed MRI (diffusion-weighted MRI). The third stroke specialists, also blinded to the clinical information, assessed the conflicts. Adjusted large artery atherosclerosis as confounding factor, the associations between cortex-involved lesions, vascular risk factors, and the subtype of AF were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.@*Results@#Of 243 acute ischemic stroke patients with AF, 190 were known AF and 53 were newly detected AF. There were 28 patients with AF persistent >24 h and 25 persistent ≤24 h in newly detected AF. Patients with newly detected AF were likely to have a fewer history of stroke or TIA (16.98% vs. 36.31%, P = 0.008) and lower fasting blood glucose (5.91 ± 1.83 mmol/L vs. 6.75 ± 3.83 mmol/L, P = 0.030) than patients with known AF. Among these 243 patients, 102 (41.98%) patients were with cortex-involved lesions. Cortex-involved lesions were significantly related to newly detected AF persistent >24 h (odds ratio [OR]: 4.517, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.490–13.696, P = 0.008), proteinuria (OR: 3.431, 95% CI: 1.530–7.692, P = 0.021), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.464–0.861, P = 0.004).@*Conclusions@#Compared to previously known AF, newly detected AF persistent >24 h was associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke.@*Clinical trial registration@#NCT02156765, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02156765

Protective Effect of Linggui Zhugan Tang on Bone Injury in ob/ob Mice Based on Gut Microbiota / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Linggui Zhugan Tang on gut microbiota in ob/ob mice, in order to explore whether its bone protective effect is related to its regulatory effect of gut microbiota. Method:The ob/ob mice were divided into control group, model group, Linggui Zhugan Tang group, and Atorvastatin group. After administration for 4 weeks, morphological changes in intestine and bone were observed by htoxylin eosin(HE) staining. The protein expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was detected by Western blot in bone. The expression of farniol X receptor(FXR) was detected by in immunofluorescence staining. And the content of interleukin-6(IL-6) in serum was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA. Result:Compared with control group, the trabecular bone of the femur became thinner, the bone marrow cavity was infiltrated with fat, and the epithelium of the small intestine was damaged in the model group. The protein expressions of ALP and FXR decreased, while the content of IL-6 in serum was increased in the model group. Compared with model group, the protein expressions of ALP and FXR increased, while the content of IL-6 in serum was decreased in the Linggui Zhugan Tang group. At the genus level, compared with control group, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 increased (PBacteroidales_S24-7_group decreased in model group (PLachnospiraceae_UCG-001 was positively correlated with the weight of body (r=0.661), while norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group was negatively correlated with the weight of body (r=-0.622). Conclusion:Linggui Zhugan Tang has a protective effect on bone injury in ob/ob mice, and its mechanism may be related to its regulation of gut microbiota.

Expression of Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with Kawasaki disease in the acute stage / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome with inflammatory response in the acute stage and coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).@*METHODS@#A total of 42 children with KD who were hospitalized from January to October 2017 were enrolled as the KD group, among whom 9 had CAL (CAL group) and 33 had no CAL (NCAL group). Fifteen age- and gender-matched children with pneumonia and pyrexia were enrolled as the pneumonia-pyrexia group. Fifteen healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of NLRP3 mRNA expression with serum levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, procalcitonin, albumin and prealbumin.@*RESULTS@#The KD group had significantly higher mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in the acute stage than the pneumonia-pyrexia and healthy control groups (P<0.05). The CAL group had significantly higher mRNA expression of NLRP3 than the NCAL group (P<0.05). NLRP3 mRNA expression was correlated with C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and prealbumin levels in children with KD in the acute stage (r=0.449, 0.376, 0.427, and -0.416 respectively; P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#NLRP3 inflammasome may participate in inflammatory response in the acute stage and the development of CAL in children with KD.

Role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in left ventricular remodeling in mice / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the changes and significance of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in left ventricular remodeling in FVB/N mice.@*METHODS@#A total of 54 FVB/N mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 0 d group with 8 mice, 7 d group with 10 mice, 14 d group with 16 mice, and 21 d group with 20 mice. A model of cardiac remodeling was established by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg, and the 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d groups were injected for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days respectively. The 0 d group was given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (dLVPW) and the ratio of heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) was measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to measure left ventricular myocardial fiber diameter. Picric-Sirius red staining was used to measure myocardial collagen deposition area in the left ventricle. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of ASK1, type I collagen (collagen I), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The mortality rate was observed for each group.@*RESULTS@#There were gradual increases in HW/TL, myocardial fiber diameter, and dLVPW after 0, 7, and 14 days of ISO injection (P0.05), while there was a significant reduction in myocardial fiber diameter (P0.05). There were significant increases in myocardial collagen deposition area and the mRNA expression of collagen I, ASK1, and BNP after 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of ISO injection, which reached the peaks on day 21 (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of ASK1 was positively correlated with myocardial collagen deposition area and the mRNA expression of collagen I and BNP and had a weak correlation with HW/TL, myocardial fiber diameter, and dLVPW. There was a significant increase in the mortality rate of the mice over the time of ISO injection.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of ASK1 in the myocardium is closely associated with left ventricular remodeling. The increase of ASK1 expression may lead to the aggravation of left ventricular remodeling, and the mechanism of which needs further study.

Newly detected atrial fibrillation is associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Both cortical and cortical-subcortical (cortex-involved) lesions are typically associated with embolic stroke, of which atrial fibrillation (AF) is the common cause. The aim of this study was to find out the associations between cortex-involved stroke, vascular risk factors, and the subtypes (discovery time and duration) of AF.@*METHODS@#This was an imaging study of the China Atrial Fibrillation Screening in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients (CRIST) trial. Between October 2013 and June 2015, 1511 acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 Chinese hospitals were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter cohort, cross-sectional study. The final analysis of this sub-study included 243 patients with AF with required magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. AF was diagnosed by 6-day Holter monitoring and classified by duration of 24 h. Two stroke specialists blinded to the clinical information reviewed MRI (diffusion-weighted MRI). The third stroke specialists, also blinded to the clinical information, assessed the conflicts. Adjusted large artery atherosclerosis as confounding factor, the associations between cortex-involved lesions, vascular risk factors, and the subtype of AF were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.@*RESULTS@#Of 243 acute ischemic stroke patients with AF, 190 were known AF and 53 were newly detected AF. There were 28 patients with AF persistent >24 h and 25 persistent ≤24 h in newly detected AF. Patients with newly detected AF were likely to have a fewer history of stroke or TIA (16.98% vs. 36.31%, P = 0.008) and lower fasting blood glucose (5.91 ± 1.83 mmol/L vs. 6.75 ± 3.83 mmol/L, P = 0.030) than patients with known AF. Among these 243 patients, 102 (41.98%) patients were with cortex-involved lesions. Cortex-involved lesions were significantly related to newly detected AF persistent >24 h (odds ratio [OR]: 4.517, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.490-13.696, P = 0.008), proteinuria (OR: 3.431, 95% CI: 1.530-7.692, P = 0.021), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.464-0.861, P = 0.004).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared to previously known AF, newly detected AF persistent >24 h was associated with cortex-involved ischemic stroke.@*CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION@#NCT02156765, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02156765.

Preparation of Hypromellose Hollow Capsules / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To prepare hypromellose(HPMC) hollow capsules by hypromellose as raw material, adding gel, coagulant and plasticizer. METHODS: Using hypromellose and k-carrageenan as main material, the HPMC hollow capsules were prepared by sol preparing, glue keeping, sheet stamping, drying, cutting and superposition sequentially. Glue viscosity, properties, yield and water content of capsule were used as indicators to optimize formula and preparation parameters by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. RESULTS: The most appropriate formula and preparation conditions were as follows HPMC (E5) 16.5%, k-carrageenan 0.9%, and sol dissolving time 30 min under 90℃, glue keeping temperature 45-50℃, sheet stamping 45-50℃, drying 2-2.5 hr in condition of 35℃. CONCLUSION: The key performance indicators like apparent shape, disintegration time etc of HPMC hollow capsules meet the requirements of the national standard. The preparation is suitable for industrial production.

Efficacy of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in treatment of high radial nerve injury / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the treatment of high radial nerve injury. METHODS: From April 2011 to September 2015, 12 cases of radial nerve injury in the middle arm were treated. Preoperatively peripheral blood mononuclear cells were mobilized, and then 15 mL of mononuclear cell suspension was prepared on the operation day. Radial nerves scheduled for anastomosis were surgically explored and subjected to end-end anastomosis using outer membrane suturing under microscope. The anastomotic site of the nerve was enveloped with gelatin sponge soaked with 5 mL of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspension. The remaining 10mL of cell suspension was used for a multi-point injection into the local muscles, 0.5 mL at each point. Thereafter, the deep fascia and the incision were sutured in sequence. Postoperative antibiotic treatment was used to prevent infection for 48 hours, and upper limb immobilization lasted for 4 weeks. Performance of rehabilitation exercise was guided. During the follow-up, wrist dorsal extension and muscle strength of extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum communis were detected to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were followed up for 15 to 36 months, with an average of 17 months. Efficacy was excellent in 9 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 0 case. The excellent and good rate was 92%. The wrist dorsal extension could achieve the functional needs, and the thumb dorsal extension and finger extension basically met the functional requirements. It is suggested that autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplantation can achieve good outcomes in the treatment of high radial nerve injury.

BiomechanicaI finite eIement anaIysis on the bone interface of posterior mandibuIar area under different setting forces after incIined impIantation with angIed abutment / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Single tooth loss at posterior mandibular area is difficult to complete regularly axial implantation under limited conditions. Concerning this problem, some scholars employ the skill of tilted implantation with abutment angulations to restore it. However, the security study of this design has been limited until now. OBJECTIVE: To provide theoretical evidence for tilted implantation in the posterior mandibular area, and to make a biomechanical analysis on bone-implant interface after titled implantation under the same dynamic force stress. METHODS: First, restoration models of implant crown at different tilting angles in posterior mandibular area were built and optimized using the software CBCT and DICOM. Then dynamic force stress was applied in chewing cycles of the crown model. Finally, the stress-strain analysis of bone-implant interface was made by utilizing the three-dimensional finite element software Ansys. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When the dental implant in the axis implantation was tilted to the lingual side at 5° or 10°, the maximum stress and strain values at the bone interface were 53.8 MPa and 2 671, respectively, under three loading conditions: the force during the chewing cycle was given vertical to the implant, toward the lingual side from the buccal side at 45° with the long axis of the tooth, and toward the buccal side from the lingual side at 45° with the long axis of the tooth. (2) When the implant inclined to the lingual side at a 15° angle, the rear edge of the implant was close to the interface between the cortical and cancellous bone, and the stress and strain values were bigger than those at any other implantation angle. (3) When the implant inclined to the lingual side at a 20° angle, the rear edge of the implant was beyond the interface between the cortical and cancellous bone, and contacted with the cortical bone that provided a support for the rear part of the implant. The stress and strain values on the bone interface were both reduced. The stress was concentrated in the cortex around the neck of the implant, and reduced a lot in the cancellous bone. The maximum strain value appeared at the contact site between the bone interface and the implant neck or rear part. It is concluded that in posterior mandibular area, the dental implant can be implanted at a < 10° linguoclination angle.

Effect of alprostadil on microcirculation after the resuscitation in patients with septic shock / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of alprostadil on the microcirculation and mortality after the fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock.Methods The patients who met the criteria of septic shock admitted to our hospital from March 2015 to September 2016 were selected as the subjects.After the shock resuscitation reached the standard,they were randomly divided into control group and alprostadil group.Control group was given a standard treatment.On the basis of standard treatment,alprostadil group was given alprostadil 10μg/d plus tube.The heart rate,mean arterial pressure (MAP),central venous pressure (CVP),lactic acid (Lac) and urine volume were recorded at 0,1,3 and 7 days.The microcirculation index under the tongue including small vessel density (TvDs),perfused small microvessel density (PvDs),small vessel perfusion ratio (PPVs),microvascular flow index (MFI) and heterogeneity index (HI) were recorded at 0,6,24 and 72h.The patients' hospitalization time in ICU,total hospitalization time and mortality rate of follow-up 28 days were recorded.Results Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study,of which 23 were in control group and 25 in alprostadil group.The heart rate and MAP had no significant changes in alprostadil group,but the CVP decreased significantly compared with control group (P＜0.05) at 1,3,7 days after the treatment,and urine volume increased at 3 and 7 days in the alprostadil group (P＜0.05);but TvDs did not increase at 6 and 24h in the two groups,while PvDs,PPVs,MFI,HI increased at 6,24 and 72h in the two groups,with a higher value at 24 and 72h than the 6h.The 72-h indexes were significantly higher in alprostadil group than in control group (P＜0.05).The mechanical ventilation (MV) was significantly lower in alprostadil group than in control group (P＜0.05);ICU hospitalization time and total hospitalization time was significantly shorter in alprostadil group than in control group (P＜0.05).The hospital mortality and 28-day mortality were lower in alprostadil group than in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Alprostadil could significantly improve the microcirculation and urine volume in the patients after resuscitation for septic shock,with little effect on systemic circulation,effectively improve the prognosis of patients,and shortening the mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time and total hospitalization time,thus reducing the mortality rate.

Progress in Solid-state Nanopore-based Analysis Technology / 分析化学

Nanopore technique is a low-cost tool for single-molecule level analysis without the need of label or amplification. The solid nanopores have been widely used in many fields such as chemistry and life sciences due to their advantages such as high stability, good tolerability, controllable size, and easy for modification. The solid nanopores commonly used in recent years are fabricated using two types of materials: membrane and tube. The membrane materials include silicon nitride, two-dimensional materials, aluminium oxide, and polymer membranes. The tube materials mainly include glass capillary and carbon nanotube. This review summarizes and prospects the research progress of different solid nanopores.

Expression of MMIF, HIF-1α and VEGF in Serum and Endometrial Tissues of Patients with Endometriosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 αt) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis (EM) and the clinical significance.Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage I (n=20),stage Ⅱ (n=22),stage Ⅲ (n=21) and stage Ⅳ (n=17)] were enrolled and divided into mild (10-14 points,n=28),moderate (16-24 points,n=27) and severe (26-30 points,n=25) dysmenorrhea groups.The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period.The expression of MMIF,HIF-1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting,respectively.Meanwhile,the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well.The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls (P＜0.05).The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage (P＜0.05) and with dysmenorrheal severity (P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection (P＜0.05).In conclusion,the expression of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea.Combined evaluation of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Expression of MMIF, HIF-1α and VEGF in Serum and Endometrial Tissues of Patients with Endometriosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 αt) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum and endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis (EM) and the clinical significance.Eighty EM patients [American Reproductive Association stage I (n=20),stage Ⅱ (n=22),stage Ⅲ (n=21) and stage Ⅳ (n=17)] were enrolled and divided into mild (10-14 points,n=28),moderate (16-24 points,n=27) and severe (26-30 points,n=25) dysmenorrhea groups.The control group included 40 healthy women of childbearing age who underwent routine healthcare examinations in the enrolment period.The expression of MMIF,HIF-1α and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting,respectively.Meanwhile,the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF when separately used as single indexes or jointly used as one index were examined as well.The results showed that serum concentrations of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF were significantly higher in EM patients than in controls (P＜0.05).The expression of all three proteins in both serum and endometrial tissues increased significantly with the R-AFS stage (P＜0.05) and with dysmenorrheal severity (P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of serum MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF levels were significantly higher than those of single index detection (P＜0.05).In conclusion,the expression of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the serum and endometrial tissues may be used to assess the stage of EM and the severity of dysmenorrhea.Combined evaluation of MMIF,HIF-1α,and VEGF significantly improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Establishment of cardiac remodeling model in FVB/N mice by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac remodeling in FVB/N mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight FVB/N mice were divided into back subcutaneous saline group (subcutaneous saline group), intraperitoneal saline group, back subcutaneous ISO group (subcutaneous ISO group), and intraperitoneal ISO group according to the route of administration of saline or ISO. ISO (30 μg/g body weight/day) was given to the subcutaneous ISO group and the intraperitoneal ISO group, twice daily with an interval of 12 hours, for 14 consecutive days. The subcutaneous saline group and the intraperitoneal saline group were injected with an equal volume of saline. The left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness was measured by echocardiography, and the ratio of heart weight to tibia length was determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the myocardial fiber diameter. Picric-sirius red staining was used to determine the myocardial collagen deposition area. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of collagen I.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups, the intraperitoneal ISO group had increased sizes of the cardiac cavity and the heart. Compared with the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups, the subcutaneous ISO group showed no significant changes in the gross morphology of the cardiac cavity and the heart. The intraperitoneal ISO group showed significant increases in the ratio of heart weight to tibia length, myocardial fiber diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, myocardial collagen area percentage, and the mRNA expression of collagen I compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the above five indices between the subcutaneous ISO group and the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups (P>0.05). No significant difference in the mortality rate was found between the subcutaneous ISO and intraperitoneal ISO groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraperitoneal injection of ISO can induce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in FVB/N mice.</p>

Clinical analysis of diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops for dry eye after ophthalmic surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in treating dry eyes after ophthalmic surgery.METHODS: Totally 94 eyes from 94 patients with dry eyes were slected, and they were randomly divided into orbervation group and control group.Fouty-seven patients in the control group using conventional treatment combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops.Other 47 patients in orbervation group were treated with diclofenac sodium eye drops on the basis of control group.We compared symptoms, fluorescein station, tear film break time, Schirmer Ⅰ test between the two groups.RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, patients of both groups with sympotom, fluorescein station score, BUT, and Schirmer Ⅰ test were significantly improved(P<0.05).At the same time, sympotom, fluorescein station score, BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test of control group were better than observation group(P<0.05).The cure rates of the orbervation group (98%) were more significant than control group (74%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops have significant efficacy in treatment of dry eyes after ophthalmic surgery, which can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test.

Clinical effect of alprostadil in patients with septic shock associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of alprostadil in patients with septic shock associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods From January 2015 to June 2016,patients with septic shock associated with ARDS and meeting the inclusion criteria were involved in the study in department of critical care medicine in First Hospital of Lanzhou University and randomly divided into the control group and alprostadil group.The standard treatment was given in control group,alprostadil 10μg 2/d was given in alprostadil group on base of standard treatment.Monitoring indexes were recorded in 1,3 and 6 days after enrollment.General condition of patients,APACHE Ⅱ score,ventilator conditions (PO2,PCO2,RR,PEEP,FiO2,oxygenation index,airway resistance,lung compliance),mechanical ventilation time,ICU stay time,hospital follow-up,28-day follow-up,immune index (CD4+/CD8+),inflammatory markers (CRP,PCT,IL-6) were monitored.Results Sixty-five patients were included in this study,32 in control group and 33 in alprostadil group.At 3 and 6 days after the treatment,APACHE Ⅱ score,respiratory rate (RR),the inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2),airway resistance,and C reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin (PCT)-6 and interleukin (IL-6) levels significantly decreased,compared with pretreatment and 1 day posttreatment,in the two groups and lower in alprostadil group than in the control group on the 6th day (P＜0.05);at the same time,these indexes such as arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2),lung compliance,oxygenation index,CD4+/CD8+ significantly increased 3 and 6 days after the treatment compared with pretreatment and 1 day posttreatment in the two groups,and on the 6thday,significantly higher in the alprostadil group than in the control group (P＜0.05).Time of mechanical ventilation,ICU stay and hospital stay in the alprostadil group was respectively lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05);The hospital mortality and the 28-day mortality rate were significantly lower in the alprostadil group than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Alprostadil can improve the lung function in patient with septic shock associated with ARDS,shorten the time of mechanical ventilation,ICU stay and hospital stay,and reduce the mortality rate,which may be associated with that alprostadil reduces systemic inflammatory reaction and enhance immunity by improving microcirculation.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential for secretion of ANP induced by prostaglandin D₂ in the beating rat atrium

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) may act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and play an anti-inflammatory role in the heart. Although the effect of PGD₂ in regulation of ANP secretion of the atrium was reported, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PGD₂ can regulate ANP secretion in the isolated perfused beating rat atrium, and its underlying mechanisms. PGD₂ (0.1 to 10 µM) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion concomitantly with positive inotropy in a dose-dependent manner. Effects of PGD₂ on atrial ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics were abolished by AH-6809 (1.0 µM) and AL-8810 (1.0 µM), PGD₂ and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor antagonists, respectively. Moreover, PGD₂ clearly upregulated atrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PGD₂ metabolite 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ₂ (15d-PGJ₂, 0.1 µM) dramatically increased atrial ANP secretion. Increased ANP secretions induced by PGD₂ and 15d-PGJ₂ were completely blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (0.1 µM). PD98059 (10.0 µM) and LY294002 (1.0 µM), antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, respectively, significantly attenuated the increase of atrial ANP secretion by PGD₂. These results indicated that PGD₂ stimulated atrial ANP secretion and promoted positive inotropy by activating PPARγ in beating rat atria. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were each partially involved in regulating PGD₂-induced atrial ANP secretion.